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射电噪活动星系核的光度函数与演化研究
其他题名Researches on the radio luminosity function and evolution of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei
袁尊理
学位类型博士
导师王建成
2013-05-29
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台)
学位授予地点北京
学位专业天体物理
关键词射电噪活动星系核 射电核 射电光度函数 演化
摘要射电噪活动星系核(radio-loud AGN)是宇宙中的强射电源,常将这类天体分为平谱源和陡谱源,按照AGN的统一模型,它们的差异很大程度上源于倾 角的不同,两类源都可以用“致密核+喷流+延展射电瓣”的图像来描述。在 传统的方法中,人们通过独立地研究陡谱源和平谱源的射电光度函数来获得 它们的演化信息。然而,由于AGN射电辐射和活动本身的特点,例如延展性、 方向性、间歇性等,使得传统方法获得的信息比较有限。随着射电观测精度的 日益提高,已观测到大量的射电核,射电核的存在是AGN射电活动性很好的 指示。本论文利用现有的观测资料,研究了射电核的光度函数。由于射电核处 在AGN的中心位置,对其光度函数的研究,可以更直接地探究AGN中心区域 物质吸积与喷流的关系。首先我们通过文献查阅和数据库检索,建立了一个包含1063个源的陡谱射电噪活动星系核样本,基于此样本,用1/Va方法计算了这类射电源在408MHz处的射电光度函数,我们的结果支持一个光度依赖的密度演化模式。大 多数源的射电核有5 GHz处的流量密度数据,利用这些数据我们又计算了射电核在5 GHz处的光度函数。结果表明射电核的共动数密度是随红移增加而逐渐减小的,即呈现出一种负宇宙演化模式。对此结果,一个很好的解释是:在AGN早期,吸积率可能较高,反而不利于jet 的射电辐射,甚至于jet 的产生,在AGN中可能也有类似于X射线双星的“软”态和“硬”态的演化。我们的结果与前人从不同角度所得到的结论也是一致的。我们还注意到射电核的光度函数与源的总射电光度函数形式完全不同,由于我们样本的源都是瓣主导的陡谱源,这说明核和瓣并不是协同演化的。此外,我们回顾了经典的、用于估计光度函数的1/Va方法,以及PC方法,并通过图像分析的方法对二者做了比较。通过理论分析和实例证明,我们指出了两种方法对于那些被极限流量曲线L = Llim(z)穿过的小间隔(bin)总是会给出不同估计的原因之所在。基于一个由蒙特卡洛方法模拟出的虚拟样本,我们比较了两种方法给出的估计与输入模型值的差异。结果发现,两种方法对高光度的那些bin 给出的估计完全相同而且比较理想,但是对低光度的那些bin ,两者给出的估计都显著地低于输入模型值。我们认为,只要光度函数沿着红移有演化,那么传统的、需要划分间隔的非参数方法就不可能在整个光度区间都给出理想的估计。前人注意到对于光度函数的暗端,?1/Va给出的结果总是太小,从而认为PC方法要优于1/Va方法。实际上这只是由于随意选取bin 的缘故。我们提出了一种简单有效的选择bin 的方法,运用此方法,可以对两种方法的结果都有不同程度的改进。经过改进后,很难说PC方法的结果要比1/Va方法的更优越。
其他摘要The radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are one of the most intriguing powerful radio sources. Usually they are classified as steep-spectrum and flatspectrum sources. According to the unified model of AGN, their difference can be ascribed to the angle of inclination. Both of them can be roughly described as a picture of “compact core + jet + extended radio lobes”. Traditionally, the steep-spectrum and flat-spectrum sources are studied respectively by radio luminosity functions (RLFs) to obtain the information of their evolution. However, due to the peculiarity of radio radiation and activity, e.g., extension, inclination dependent, and intermittence, the information obtained by traditional methods is limited. With the improvement of radio observation accuracy, more and more radio cores are observed. The existence of radio core is a good indicator of radio activity. In this thesis, we utilized the public observational data to study the RLF of radio cores. As the radio cores are located at the centers of AGNs, research on their RLF can helps to explore the relationship between matter accretion and jet more directly.Firstly, a big sample of 1063 steep-spectrum radio-loud AGNs was established by consulting literature and database retrieval. Based on the sample, the RLF at 408 MHz of steep-spectrum radio sources was calculated by the 1/Va method. The results support a luminosity-dependent density evolution. Most of the radio cores in the sample have flux densities at 5 GHz. Using these data, the core RLF at 5 GHz was also estimated. The results show that the comoving number density of radio cores displays a persistent decline with redshift, implying a negative density evolution. A possible explanation to this result is that in the earlier epoch of AGNs, the relatively higher accretion rate may adversely affect the radio emission of jet. The so-called ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ states in X-ray Binaries may also exist in AGNs. The above results were also consistent with previous researches from different point of views. Also, we noticed that the core RLF is obviously different from the total RLF at 408 MHz band which is mainly contributed by extended lobes, implying that the cores and extended lobes could not be co-evolving at radio emission.Becides, the classical 1/Va and PC methods of constructing binned luminosity functions (LFs) are revisited and compared by graphical analysis. Using both theoretical analysis and illustration with an example, we show why the two methods give different results for the bins which are crossed by the flux limit curves L = Llim(z). Based on a combined sample simulated by a Monte Carlo method, the estimate ? of two methods are compared with the input model LFs. The two methods give identical and ideal estimate for the high luminosity points of each redshift interval. However, for the low luminosity bins of all the redshift intervals both methods give smaller estimate than the input model. We conclude that once the LF is evolving with redshift, the classical binned methods will unlikely give an ideal estimate over the total luminosity range. Previous researches noticed that for objects close to the flux limit ?1/Va nearly always to be too small. We believe this is due to the arbitrary choosing of redshift and luminosity intervals. Because ?1/Va is more sensitive to how the binning are chosen than ?PC. If the binning are wisely chosen according to a simple rule of thumb suggested by us, it is hard to say the estimate of PC method is markedly better than the 1/Va method.
学科领域天文学
页数97
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/5096
专题高能天体物理研究组
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GB/T 7714
袁尊理. 射电噪活动星系核的光度函数与演化研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台),2013.
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