In the present thesis, it is introduced for the observed characters and physical processes of gamma-ray burst. Then, the hydrodynamic evolution and synchrotron mechanism of fireball/blast wave model are discussed. it is comprehensively studied the hydrodynamic evolution of the fireball shell. Using synchrotron mechanism and relativistic transformation from co-moving frame to lab frame, the light curves of gamma-ray burst afterglow are obtained. These light curves are different for various dynamic evolution of the shell, isotropic or anisotropic case and various environment of the media. Through comparing these different light curves, we show the whole physical evolution of gamma-ray burst afterglow and study the various physical processes effecting on the evolution of gamma-ray burst afterglow and study the various physical processes effecting on the evolution of gamma-ray burst afterglow. We can further understand the physics of gamma-ray burst by the study for the evolution of the afterglow.
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