Asymmetric Hard X-ray Radiation of Two Ribbons in a Thermal-Dominated C-Class Flare

doi:10.1007/s11207-024-02349-0

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	Asymmetric Hard X-ray Radiation of Two Ribbons in a Thermal-Dominated C-Class Flare
	Shi, Guanglu 1,2; Feng, Li 1,2; Chen, Jun 1; Ying, Beili 1; Li, Shuting 1,2; Li, Qiao 1,2; Li, Hui 1,2; Li, Ying 1,2; Ji KF(季凯帆)3 ; Huang, Yu 1,2; Li, Youping 1,2; Li, Jingwei 1; Zhao, Jie 1; Lu, Lei 1; Xue, Jianchao 1; Zhang, Ping 1; Song, Dechao 1; Tian, Zhengyuan 1,2; Su, Yingna 1,2; Zhang, Qingmin 1; Ge, Yunyi 1; Shan, Jiahui 1,2; Zhou, Yue 1,2; Tian, Jun 1,2; Li, Gen 1,2; Liu, Xiaofeng 1,2; Jing, Zhichen 1,2; Lei, Shijun 1; Gan, Weiqun 1,4
发表期刊	SOLAR PHYSICS
	2024-07
卷号	299 期号:7
DOI	10.1007/s11207-024-02349-0
产权排序	第3完成单位
收录类别	SCI
关键词	Flares Energetic particles Heating In flares Active regions Magnetic fields Spectrum X-ray
摘要	The asymmetry in hard X-ray (HXR) emission at the footpoints (FPs) of flare loops is a ubiquitous feature closely associated with nonthermal electron transport. In this study, we analyze the asymmetric HXR radiation at two flare ribbons, which is thermal-dominated during a long-duration C4.4 flare that occurred on March 20, 2023, combining multi-view and multi-waveband observations from the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), Solar Orbiter (SolO), and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. We find that the H i Lyman-alpha (Ly alpha) emission presents similar features to the He ii lambda 304 emission, both in the light curve and spatio-temporal evolution of a pair of conjugate flare ribbons. The spectra and imaging analysis of the HXR emission, detected by the Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) in 4-18 keV, reveal that the two-ribbon flare radiation is thermal dominated by over 95%, and the radiation source mainly concentrates on the northern ribbon, leading to an asymmetric distribution. To understand the underlying reasons for the HXR radiation asymmetry, we extrapolate the magnetic field within the active region using the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) model. For 78% of the magnetic field lines starting from the northern flare ribbon, their lengths from the loop-tops (LTs) to the northern FPs are shorter than those to the southern FPs. For 62% of the field lines, their magnetic-field strengths at the southern FPs exceed those at the northern FPs. In addition, considering the larger density, approximate to 1.0 x 10(10) cm(-3), of the low-lying flare loops (<32 Mm), we find that the shorter path from the LT to the northern FP enables more electrons to reach the northern FP more easily after collisions with the surrounding plasma. Therefore, in this thermal-dominated C-class flare, the asymmetric location of the flare LT relative to its two FPs plays a dominant role in the HXR radiation asymmetry, while such asymmetry is also slightly influenced by the magnetic mirror effect, resulting in larger HXR radiation at the FPs with weaker magnetic strength. Our study enriches the understanding of particle transport processes during solar flares.
资助项目	Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Star (LWS) Program; China National Space Administration
项目资助者	Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Star (LWS) Program ; China National Space Administration
语种	英语
学科领域	天文学 ; 太阳与太阳系
文章类型	Article
出版者	SPRINGER
出版地	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN	0038-0938
URL	查看原文
WOS记录号	WOS:001281063000001
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS类目	Astronomy & Astrophysics
关键词[WOS]	PARTICLE-ACCELERATION ; SOLAR-FLARE ; EMISSION ; ELECTRONS
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
版本	出版稿
条目标识符	http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/27509
专题	天文技术实验室
作者单位	1.Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210023, China; 2.School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; 3.Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650216, China; 4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Shi, Guanglu,Feng, Li,Chen, Jun,et al. Asymmetric Hard X-ray Radiation of Two Ribbons in a Thermal-Dominated C-Class Flare[J]. SOLAR PHYSICS,2024,299(7).
APA	Shi, Guanglu.,Feng, Li.,Chen, Jun.,Ying, Beili.,Li, Shuting.,...&Gan, Weiqun.(2024).Asymmetric Hard X-ray Radiation of Two Ribbons in a Thermal-Dominated C-Class Flare.SOLAR PHYSICS,299(7).
MLA	Shi, Guanglu,et al."Asymmetric Hard X-ray Radiation of Two Ribbons in a Thermal-Dominated C-Class Flare".SOLAR PHYSICS 299.7(2024).

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