| The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. II. The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps | |
Xu, Fengwei1,2; Wang, Ke1; Liu, Tie3; Zhu, Lei4; Garay, Guido5; Liu, Xunchuan3; Goldsmith, Paul6; Zhang, Qizhou7; Sanhueza, Patricio8,9; Qin, Shengli10; He JH(何金华)4,5,11 ; Juvela, Mika12; Tej, Anandmayee13; Liu, Hongli10; Li, Shanghuo14; Morii, Kaho8,15; Zhang, Siju1; Zhou, Jianwen16; Stutz, Amelia17; Evans, Neal J.18; Kim, Kee-Tae19; Liu, Shengyuan20; Mardones, Diego5; Li, Guangxing21; Bronfman, Leonardo5; Tatematsu, Ken'ichi8,9; Lee, Chang Won22,23; Lu, Xing3; Mai, Xiaofeng3; Jiao, Sihan24; Chibueze, James O.25,26,27; Su, Keyun1; Tóth, Viktor L.28,29
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| 发表期刊 | RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
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| 2024-06-01 | |
| 卷号 | 24期号:6 |
| DOI | 10.1088/1674-4527/ad3dc3 |
| 产权排序 | 第11完成单位 |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| 关键词 | stars: formation ISM: kinematics and dynamics ISM: clouds stars: protostars |
| 摘要 | Leveraging the high resolution, sensitivity, and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the QUARKS survey, standing for Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures, is observing 139 massive star-forming clumps at ALMA Band 6 (lambda similar to 1.3 mm). This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) 7 m data of the QUARKS survey, describing the ACA observations and data reduction. Combining multi-wavelength data, we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas, offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star formation. The ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA sources. Their gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non- LTE radiation transfer model, and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission model. The ACA sources are massive (16-84 percentile values of 6-160 M-circle dot), gravity-dominated (M proportional to R-1.1) fragments within massive clumps, with supersonic turbulence (M > 1) and embedded star-forming protoclusters. We find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps, with a ratio of 6% between the two. When considering fragments as representative of dense gas, the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction (DGF) of 6%, although with a wide scatter ranging from 1% to 10%. If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales, then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster formation. With the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio (L/M), we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/M, which indicates clump evolutionary stage. We observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale, which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process. |
| 资助项目 | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[12033005]; National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFA1603102]; China Manned Space Project[CMS-CSST-2021-A09]; China Manned Space Project[CMS-CSST-2021-B06]; China-Chile Joint Research Fund[2211]; Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA); Chilean Astronomy Society (SOCHIAS); Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[80NM0018D0004]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[JP22H01271]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[JP23H01221]; JSPS[FB210003]; Research Council of Finland[348 342]; Research Council of Finland[22J21529]; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| 项目资助者 | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[12033005] ; National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFA1603102] ; China Manned Space Project[CMS-CSST-2021-A09, CMS-CSST-2021-B06] ; China-Chile Joint Research Fund[2211] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA) ; Chilean Astronomy Society (SOCHIAS) ; Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[80NM0018D0004, JP22H01271, JP23H01221] ; JSPS[FB210003] ; Research Council of Finland[348 342, 22J21529] ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 学科领域 | 天文学 ; 恒星与银河系 |
| 文章类型 | Article |
| 出版者 | NATL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES, CHIN ACAD SCIENCES |
| 出版地 | 20A DATUN RD, CHAOYANG, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA |
| ISSN | 1674-4527 |
| URL | 查看原文 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:001230624500001 |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS类目 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 关键词[WOS] | INFRARED-SURVEY-EXPLORER ; COMPACT SOURCE CATALOG ; HIERARCHICAL FRAGMENTATION ; 3-MILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS ; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE ; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES ; MOLECULAR CLOUDS ; COMPLETE SAMPLE ; MAGNETIC-FIELD ; HOT CORES |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 版本 | 出版稿 |
| 条目标识符 | http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/27367 |
| 专题 | 其他 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; [email protected], [email protected]; 2.Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; [email protected]; 4.Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 5.Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile;; 6.Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA; 7.Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 8.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; 9.Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; 10.School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 11.Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China; 12.Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; 13.Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 547, Kerala, India; 14.Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; 15.Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 16.Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany; 17.Departamento de Astronom´ıa, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepci on, Chile; 18.Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712-1205, USA; 19.Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; 20.Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China; 21.South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 22.Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; 23.University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; 24.National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 25.Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Cnr Christian de Wet Rd and Pioneer Avenue, Florida Park, 1709, Roodepoort, South Africa; 26.Centre for Space Research, Physics Department, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; 27.Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Carver Building, 1 University Road, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; 28.Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Eötvös Lorànd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; 29.University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Xu, Fengwei,Wang, Ke,Liu, Tie,et al. The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. II. The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps[J]. RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS,2024,24(6). |
| APA | Xu, Fengwei.,Wang, Ke.,Liu, Tie.,Zhu, Lei.,Garay, Guido.,...&Tóth, Viktor L..(2024).The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. II. The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps.RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS,24(6). |
| MLA | Xu, Fengwei,et al."The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. II. The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps".RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 24.6(2024). |
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| The ALMA-QUARKS Surv（2458KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 请求全文 | |
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