Satellite laser ranging is one of the most accurate technologies among all the technologies for measuring space targets, and it develops very rapidly. At present, in addition to measuring satellites, it has been expanded to space debris laser ranging, lunar laser ranging and other fields. In recent years, the analysis of the morphological characteristics of space targets has become a research hot spot in the field of space situational awareness. As a high-precision space target detection technology, satellite laser ranging has also been applied to the research of this problem, but it is still in its infancy, and a complete set of theoretical methods has not yet been formed. In order to conduct preliminary research and exploration on target shape analysis based on satellite laserranging data, this paper has completed the following work:First of all, a simulation detection platform based on the 53cm binocular laser ranging system of the Yunnan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was built, and the reflection model of different shapes of targets for the laser was built. The simulation platform was used to simulate detection of different shapes of targets, and the simulation detection results were obtained.Secondly, in order to obtain higher-precision ranging data, so as to provide high-quality laser ranging data for the analysis of the shape characteristics of space targets in the future, the error existing in satellite laser ranging: distance walk error is analyzed and studied. A walk error compensation method in satellite laser ranging data is proposed by combining measured data and simulation analysis. Applying this method to the satellite laser ranging data of the 5-year continuous observation target can significantly improve the data quality.Finally, a ground target experiment was designed and accomplished. Adjust the 53cm binocular laser ranging system to make it suitable for the experiment, and make ground targets of different shapes. The laser ranging data collection is carried out on these ground targets, and the results are obtained. Compare the measured data with the simulated data, and analyze the similarities and differences between the two data.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the satellite laser ranging data. By compensating the walk error in the satellite laser ranging data, the quality of the data was improved. Through simulation and experiment, the detection results of targets with different shapes using satellite laser ranging technology are given. The content of this paper provides a reference for further research and analysis of target morphology using satellite laser ranging data in the future
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