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基于激光测距技术的空间目标特征研究
其他题名Research on Characteristics of the Spatial Target Based on Laser Ranging Technology
汤儒峰
学位类型博士
导师李祝莲 ; 李语强
2020
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点北京
学位专业天体测量与天体力学
关键词激光测距 空间目标 光变信息 目标特征
摘要空间碎片的存在及不断产生对在轨运行卫星和航天器的安全产生了严重的威胁,因此,为了提升对空间碎片的监测能力,世界各国都在不断发展空间目标探测技术。其中空间碎片激光测距技术是近年来发展起来的一项新的空间碎片跟踪、监测技术,其测距精度最高。漫反射激光测距数据不但可以提高非合作目标的定轨精度,同样也可以用于研究目标的特征信息。对于某些空间碎片,通过分析数据,可以得到测距目标的尺度信息,翻转信息等,从而,提高对空间碎片的监控预警准确度,这对于空间在轨飞行器的安全具有十分重要的意义。论文基于激光测距技术分析研究空间目标的特征,主要获得以下研究成果:第一,分析研究异地收发激光测距系统的快速同步跟踪方法,提出使用同心圆法来快速有效的跟踪空间目标。异地收发激光测距系统因涉及两台望远镜的同步跟踪问题,使得回波信号搜索时间变长,从而观测效率较低。大部分近地空间目标或地影里的空间目标,仅能测到少量的回波信号,甚至无法收到回波信号。因此,研究同步快速跟踪方法对提高异地收发激光测距系统具有极其重要的意义。 第二,实现了多通道空间目标激光测距数据的回波信号自动识别算法以及激光测月中微弱信号识别算法及其有效性验证。云南天文台刚实现了多通道激光测距技术以及激光测月技术,对回波信号的识别与预处理是将获得的测量数据应用于其他科学研究前必备和至关重要的一步。 第三,提出一种基于激光测距技术的空间目标高时间分辨率光变曲线测量的新方法。望远镜跟踪空间目标,并采用单光子超导探测器探测被空间目标反射的太阳光信息,超导探测器工作在自由探测模式且恢复时间小于50ns,最终实现高时间分辨率光变曲线测量。若同时进行激光测距观测,则既可以使望远镜对得更准,又可以实现光变曲线的激光同步测量。 第四,提出了通过光变数据获得目标特征的方法。对卫星Ajisai 的测量数据进行处理,提取了其光变信息,通过对数据的分析,并结合目标特征,分析得到了目标的自转周期、表面反射镜的尺度信息以及镜面法向量的方向。
其他摘要The existence of space debris and the constant emergence of serious threats to the safety of satellites and spacecraft in orbit, therefore, countries are vigorously developing a variety of detection techniques to enhance the ability to monitor space debris. Among them, space debris laser ranging technology is a new space debris tracking and monitoring technology developed in recent years, and its ranging accuracy is the highest. Diffuse reflection laser ranging data can not only improve the orbit determination accuracy of non-cooperative targets, but also can be used to study the feature information of targets. For some space debris, by analyzing the data, the scale information of the ranging target, the flip information, etc. can be obtained, thereby improving the monitoring and early warning accuracy of the space debris, which is of great significance for the safety of the space-on-orbit aircraft. Based on the analysis of spatial targets by laser ranging technology, the paper mainly obtains the following research results: First, the analysis of the fast synchronization tracking method of the remote transmitting and receiving laser ranging system proposed to use the concentric circle method to quickly and effectively track the space target. The remotely transmitting and receiving laser ranging system involves the synchronous tracking problem of two telescopes, which makes the echo signal search time longer, and the observation efficiency is lower. Most of the near-Earth space targets or space targets in the ground image can only detect a small number of echo signals or even receive echo signals. Therefore, the research of synchronous fast tracking method is of great significance for improving the remotesensing laser ranging system. Secondly, the automatic recognition algorithm of echo signals for multi-channel spatial target laser ranging data and the weak signal recognition algorithm in laser moon measurement and its validity verification are realized. The Yunnan Observatory has just realized multi-channel laser ranging technology and laser moon-sensing technology. The identification and pre-processing of echo signals is a necessary and crucial step for applying the obtained measurement data to other scientific research. Thirdly, a new method based on laser ranging technology for high temporal resolution light curve measurement of space targets is proposed. The telescope tracks the space target and uses a single photon superconducting detector to detect the solar light information reflected by the space target. The superconducting detector works in the free detection mode and the recovery time is less than 50 ns, finally achieving high time resolution light curve measurement. If the laser ranging observation is performed at the same time, the telescope can be accurately aligned and the laser synchronizationmeasurement of the optical curve can be realized. Fourth, the characteristics of the target are obtained by processing the optically variable data obtained by the analysis. The measurement data of satellite Ajisai is processed, and its optical information is extracted. Through the analysis of the data and the characteristics of the target, the rotation period of the target, the scale information of the surface mirror and the direction of the mirror normal vector are obtained.
学科领域天文学 ; 天体测量学
学科门类理学 ; 理学::天文学
页数0
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/25430
专题应用天文研究组
作者单位中国科学院云南天文台
第一作者单位中国科学院云南天文台
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
汤儒峰. 基于激光测距技术的空间目标特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020.
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