选址与日冕观测组知识库

利用发射到平流层的球载太阳望远镜来观测太阳磁场演化和监视太阳活动有着得天独厚的优势。首先，在平流层中，球载太阳望远镜对太阳的观测不受来自地球对流层大气中天气现象的干扰，处于无视宁度影响的环境中。这为获取高质量的太阳图像提供了优越的条件。其次，平流层的空气已经十分稀薄，对紫外线的吸收也大为减弱。球载太阳望远镜能够在近紫外波段观测太阳活动和爆发。第三，球载太阳望远镜可以通过回收、升级和再利用来降低其使用成本并提高望远镜的利用率，远比空间观测经济实惠。利用球载太阳望远镜开展对太阳的观测研究在欧美已经有半个多世纪的历史。本文简要地回顾了太阳观测的球载任务发展历史，包括在这期间积累的非常丰富的仪器研制和观测经验，详细地介绍欧洲“日出”(SUNRISE)球载任务的仪器搭载、大量的高分辨观测数据和一系列在此基础上完成的高质量的科研成果，为我国球载望远镜的研制提供重要参考。 

The advantage is unique to observe the solar evolution and monitor solar activities by using the balloon-borne solar telescope launched into the stratosphere of the Earth’s atmosphere. First of all, observation of the balloon-borne telescope in the stratosphere is not disturbed by the climate phenomena in the troposphere, and is in a seeing-free environment, which provides a wonderful condition for obtaining solar images of high quality. Second, the air in the stratosphere is very tenuous, and the absorption in the ultraviolet wavelength weakens apparently, so the balloon-borne telescope is able to observe solar activities and eruptions in the near-ultraviolet wavelength. Third, the cost could be lowed and the efficiency could be enhanced significantly by
using the balloon-borne telescopes via recycling, upgrading, and reusing. This is much more economical and practical than by using the space-borne telescopes. It has been more than half a century since the balloon-borne telescope was first launched in the Europe and the USA. This work is going to briefly look back the history of the balloon-borne solar telescope missions, including the rich experience in the instrument development and observations. The payloads of the SUNRISE, a European balloon-borne solar telescope mission, are described in this work, and large amount of the high quality data obtained by the SUNRISE, as well as the consequent scientific articles produced on the basis of these data are also introduced. The information revealed here would be valuable and important for reference in developing the balloon-borne telescope in China.