应用天文研究组知识库

空间碎片的存在对在轨运行航天器的安全构成严重的威胁，同时空间碎片的不断产生对有限的轨道资源也将构成严重威胁。采用激光测距技术可实现空间碎片的实时高精度定轨，从而可有效规避其对航天器的撞击。为了开展高精度小尺寸空间碎片激光测距，研制了可快速平稳跟400km以上空间目标的53 cm 双筒望远镜，然后结合低功率高重频亚纳秒激光器和单光子探测技术，该望远镜上研究和实现了空间碎片激光测距技术。结合激光测距方程，分析研究系统的空间碎片测能力，当碎片距离为1 000 km 时，能探测到回波光子的碎片最小尺寸约为478.5 cm。实际观测表明：该激光测距系统具有探测米级空间碎片(约1 000 km 远)的能力。

The existence of space debris has been causing great threats to the security of spacecraft in orbit. Space debris will occupy the limited and precious orbit capacities, so more and more debris generated in the space will also be a huge threat. The real -time high precision orbit determination of debris based on laser ranging technology can effectively avoid the collision between the debris and the spacecraft. In order to make high precision laser ranging to small size space debris, the 53cm diameter binocular was developed here, which was capable of fast and steady tracking space targets of 400km above the ground. Combined with low-power high -repetition -rate sub -nanosecond laser generator and single photon detecting technology, the space debris laser ranging technique was implemented on this binocular telescope. According to the laser ranging formulas, the detecting capability of this space debris laser ranging system was researched and analyzed. When the space debris was 1000km away from the ground station, the minimum size of the echo photon which can be detected is about 478.5cm. This space debris laser ranging system has been putting into observation, and the practical observation results indicate this system has the capability to detect meter level debris in ca. 1000km distance.