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1.2米地平式望远镜视场旋转研究与消旋
其他题名Study on Field Rotation of 1.2m Alt-Az Telescope and Elimination of Image-Rotation
鞠青华
学位类型硕士
导师熊耀恒
2008-06-05
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台)
学位授予地点北京
学位专业天体测量与天体力学
关键词地平式望远镜 物方视场 像方视场 视场旋转角 光线追迹 矩阵光学
摘要地平式望远镜在跟踪观测对象的过程中,会引起物像空间的旋转,即处在同一个视场中和所跟踪的星相距一定角距离的其他参考星会围绕视轴中心旋转。另外,地平式望远镜如果在耐焦或库德焦点工作,其光学系统是由多块平面反射镜组合而成,平面镜的主截面间若有一定的相对运动,其像方视场也会旋转。 这样除了位于光轴中心所跟踪的星能成点像外,处于视场中的其他参考星所成的像就是绕光轴中心的弧线。对于具有一定形状的面源目标,既便对其进行稳定地跟踪观测,它的形状也发生旋转。为了获得真实的目标图像,必须对地平式望远镜的视场旋转进行补偿。 本论文针对云南天文台1.2m地平式望远镜的视场旋转进行了研究。首先分析了由地平式装置引起的物方视场的旋转及旋转量的大小,得到的结论是星位角 的变化率可以说明相对于接收端物方视场旋转的角度。文中还将地平式装置引起的物方视场旋转在球面坐标系下的旋转量转换到平面直角坐标系中。然后利用光线追迹法和矩阵光学的方法分析了1.2m望远镜折轴平面反射镜系统在望远镜的方位轴、高度轴转动时所引起的像方视场旋转,并用两种方法得出了目标图像旋转与望远镜高度角、方位角之间变化的一致的函数关系式,最终得到整个望远镜系统的视场旋转量。本文还介绍了两种确定视场旋转基准点的方法,恒星实测法和激光成像法,对恒星实测法的原理进行了模拟,对激光成像法进行了实验验证,得到的视场旋转基准点的误差在1个像素左右。 基于消旋理论,本文还分析了目前常用的几种消旋方法,经分析比较得出目前最适合1.2m地平式望远镜的消旋方法是光学消旋的结论。作者对光学消旋的两种消旋——反射式消旋和折射式消旋方式进行了分析计算,得出了反射式消旋方式更适合1.2m地平式望远镜消旋的结论。论文最后对反射式像旋转器的几何参数进行了设计。 在空间目标的探测中,除了识别高分辨形态外,掌握其姿态变化规律也是非常重要的。消除地平式望远镜视场旋转,进而达到空间目标的真实探测,可以提升我国对空间目标的探测与监视能力。
其他摘要There is object-image field rotation phenomena during an Alt-azimuth telescope tracking an object, namely, in the same field, other reference stars which deviates the tracked star with a certain angle rotate around the field center. In addition, if the detector is equipped at Alt-az telescope’s Cassegrain focus or coude focus, the telescope optics system is composed of many plane reflectors. Principal section of plane mirror has certain relative motion along with the optical system, so its image field rotates too. And the image of the other reference stars in the field of view is an arc around the optical axis center besides the tracked star being located at the optical axis center becomes a point-like image. In order to obtain a stable, good-quality star image, rotation of the field of view must be compensated. In this paper, the field of view rotation of Yunnan Observatory 1.2m alt-az telescope is researched. Firstly, the object field rotation due to alt-az mounting and the rotation quantity are analyzed and studied, and the conclusion that the parallactic angle q change rate can explain the object field rotation angle is drawn, and the object field rotation magnitude caused by Alt-azimuth mounting in spherical coordinates is transformed to the plane rectangular coordinates. A problem that image collected by 1.2m astronomical telescope is rotated due to plane mirrors system with the movement of azimuth and altitude is introduced in brief. The rotation of view filed is analyzed using the method of ray tracing and matrix optics. The accordant variation function relation of object image rotation and the telescope’s azimuth angle and zenith angle are given by the two methods respectively. Finally, the field of view rotation magnitude in 1.2m telescope system is obtained. In this paper, two ways of confirming field of view referenced point are also introduced; namely star observation method and laser imaging method. The principle of the former has been simulated and the latter has been proved by experiment, the field of view referenced point error in one pixel approximately. Basing on elimination rotation principle, several kinds of elimination rotation technology commonly used at present are analyzed, and by analysis and comparison, the conclusion that the optics elimination rotation is the most suitable approach for 1.2m alt-az telescope is drawn. Two kinds of optics elimination rotation which is mainly including reflection elimination rotation and refraction elimination rotation are analyzed and calculated, and the result is refraction elimination rotation more suitable for 1.2m alt-az telescope. It is very important to master the posture change as well as confirm the high resolution shape of the space objects in exploration. With eliminating the field of view rotation of Alt-az telescope, we can detect the space objects actually, and it will also improve the ability of detection and surveillance the space objects in our country.
学科领域天文学
页数53
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/7351
专题应用天文研究组
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
鞠青华. 1.2米地平式望远镜视场旋转研究与消旋[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台),2008.
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