选址与日冕观测组知识库

针状体是太阳的基本结构,人们对它的研究已有100多年的历史,在观测和理论方面取得突破性进展。由于针状体本身的特点(小结构尺度、高动态、短寿命),对它的观测研究十分依赖望远镜的分辨率。文章主要描述借助于Hinode卫星搭载的SOT空间望远镜、SST(The Swedish1-m SolarTelescope,瑞典1 m太阳望远镜)等地基太阳望远镜所取得的关于色球针状体及其日面对应物的观测研究成果。主要包括以下几个方面:(1)针状体的形态,如轨迹、高度、长度、速度等,和由此而得到的分类;(2)针状体的日面对应物——纤维和日芒;(3)针状体的起源机制。即便今天,针状体仍然存在许多未解之谜:II型针状体是否存在?针状体和它日面对应物之间的关系是什么?如果存在两种类型的针状体,那么它们的激发机制是什么?它的波动是由什么引起?针状体能否加热日冕和加速太阳风?作为太阳的基本结构,在其他恒星上是否存在?等等。

Solar spicules are the fundamental structures of the sun, and have been studied more than a century since they were discovered. Researchers have made many breakthroughs on observation and mode. Due to their special features (small scale, high dynamic and short lifetime), the observation studies highly depend on spatial and temporal resolution of the telescope. Here we review the observation results of chromosphere spicules and their counterparts from the SOT on-board Hinode, SST and so on. The main results are listed as follow: (1) the properties of spicules (trajectory, height, length, velocity and so on) and their classification; (2) on-disk counterparts of spicules: fibrils and mottles; (3) the origin of spicules. Until today, there still exist many questions: Whether Type II spicules really exist? What is the relationship between spicules and their on-disk counterparts? How do the spicules excite respectively if there are two kind spicules? What excites their oscillation? Whether they contribute to heating corona and accelerating solar wind? As fundamental structures of the sun, can them be seen on other stellar atmosphere? et al.