The study of asteroid physical parameters offers the constraint condition on the early environment of solar system as well as the formation and evolution of planetary system; In addition, it can also provide the restrictions on the asteroid collision evolution theory. At present, the number of the sample of asteroid physical parameters is unable to meet this need of above two problems. The CCD photometric observation is one of the most important means to obtain the physical parameters of asteroid. The rotation parameters and shape of asteroid can be inferred by its light curves. Based on the hydrostatic equilibrium theory of a spin body, the relation among asteroid rotation rate, asteroid shape and asteroid density is established, so the density of asteroid, being difficult to determine as a basic physical quantity, can be obtained. Therefore, the photometric observations are carried out in order to expand the number of the sample of asteroid physical parameters, which provides the material for the follow-up study of asteroid. Taking full advantage of the equipment superiority of medium and small telescope of the Yunnan Observatory, the rotation parameters and shape of asteroid is obtained by using the photometric data, which is the main aim of this thesis. In this paper, Section 1 introduces to the significance of asteroid observational study and the developmental status of this field. In Section 2, a few of factors, caused the brightness variation of asteroid, is discussed. Section 3 introduces to the method on the determination of asteroid rotation period—Phase Dispersion Minimum (PDM) method and the estimation method on the pole orientation of asteroid and the axial ratios of tri-axial ellipsoid—Amplitude-Aspect method; And the pole orientation and tri-axial ratios of asteroid (283) Emma is obtained by the Amplitude-Aspect method in this section. The observations process, the data reduction and the estimation result of the rotation period and shape on asteroid (1028) Lydina are discussed in Section 4. Finally, a brief summary of some results on asteroid (1028) Lydina as well as the direction of our research in future, is introduced. With the knowledge of solar system deepened and the deep-space exploration program executed, the observational study of asteroid physical parameters has become one of the most active areas in astronomy.
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