The Sun is the nearest star to the earth, and be connected to the working and living of human. Because of the light and heat of sun giving, the beings can exist on the earth. Moreover, the solar activities and periodic changes of the sun could a®ect the living environment the human beings. Not every activities is good for human. And most of those activities are original from the Active Region (AR), So we must research diversity activities of AR and explore the physical essence. The thesis is dedicated to the research the observations of solar AR with high resolution Telescope. It is structured as follow: In chapter one, on the base of surveying a number of references, we sum- marized the basic knowledge to the formation and decaying of AR, sunspots and small scaled structures of AR. In chapter two, we have investigated the formation and high atmosphere response of an emerging °ux region (EFR) near the solar disk center on equator with Hinode and STEREO. By analysing those, we derived the following results: (1) The rotation of bipolar polarity of the EFR was against Joy's law. (2)By measure the variation of inversion line of the EFR, seperation speed of the bipolar polarity and rotation angle with equator, the EFR was highly twisted magnetic °ux ¯eld. (3)There were dark lanes connected new emerging °ux tubes, which was accompanied by two light points near the end of dark lane. These dark lanes could last about 10min. (4)High atmosphere response light curve display: chromosphere Caii-H ¯rst response the EFR, second was soft X-Ray, the last was 171 ºA. These means the formation of warm coronal loop was trigged by cooling the hot coronal loop. (5) By measure the area of EFR in soft X-Ray images, the coronal loops may shrink, this also support the idea of (4). In chapter three, we have investigated 35 obvious bipolar moving magnetic features (MMFs) with Hinode ¯ltergrams and magnetograms, which appear in sunspot penumbra. From analysis their change of the con¯guration, speed and the lightening response of the low solar atmosphere, we derived the following results: (1) Bipolar MMFs appear in middle penumbra, and they occur between penumbral ¯laments with enhanced longitudinal magnetic signals. Both polarity of bipole move radially outward. This indirect supports the idea that the origin of the bipolar MMFs is on the horizontal magnetic ¯eld of the penumbra. There are more than one pair of bipolar MMFs appearing at the same position in 2 hour-8 hour. And this provides the evidence of sea-serpent ¯eld lines model. (2) The lightening response in photosphere and chromospheres illuminates that the motion of the bipoles could heat the low solar atmosphere. (3) The position of bipolar magnetic structures and magnetic ¯eld distribution of sunspot penumbra add another piece of evidence in favor of the uncombed structure of penumbral magnetic ¯elds. In chapter four, we describe the conclusion from the above studies and the future of our work.
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