| 其他摘要 | The investment, instrument as well as technique of mid-size Optical/IR (with diameter 2~4 m) astronomical telescopes are hardly comparable to those of large ground-based telescopes. But their wide geographical distributions and their flexibilities of the observing time allocation make them in a unique position. They now act as an indispensable complement to the large scale telescopes and play significant roles in observational astrophysical studies. For a general-purpose optical telescope, the scientific output reflects its operational performance. The thesis proposes the concept of telescope observational system integration according to the requirements for both the astronomical observations and the operation of the observing sites, which treats the mid-size telescope and its accessory instruments, software, observing weather condition and its operation as an integral unit and studies the key factors which affect the telescope’s scientific output. Aside from the telescope’s diameter, resolution and the observing weather conditions, these key factors also include the optical efficiency, image quality, and positioning accuracy. In addition, many other factors, such as the quality of the optical systems and detectors of the accessory equipments, the reliability of the long-term operation of relevant instruments, the control and management software, the choice of specific astronomical projects, and even the operation of the observatory/site, are closely related to the scientific output. The efficiency of the observational system, data quality and quantity are heavily influenced by all the above mentioned factors. The practical experiences (such as the construction, scientific observation, maintenance, upgrade, together with the operation of the observing site) with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope suggest that it is impossible to meet the modern astronomical requirement if we just control and run the telescope as an isolated equipment. On the contrary, in order to satisfy the stringent requirement of modern astronomical observations, we have to combine the following systems together, i.e., the telescope and instrument system, observing control system, auxiliary system, instrument control system, weather monitoring system, observation control system. In parallel, we also have to optimize the observing time application, data release and management. We introduce the study on the active mirror support, pointing correction, autoguiding, rapid instrument automatic exchanging, integretion on instrument control and observation control system, data redunction and archiving and release, site condition monitor and local seeing control on Lijiang 2.4-m telescope, to improve the performances and efficiency of the observing system with the telescope. Without loss of generality, the system integration study presented in this thesis based on the experiment platform of the Lijiang 2.4m telescope represent a typical study for the whole class of mid-size optical telescopes. |
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