高能天体物理研究组知识库

黑洞磁层理论在高能天体物理研究中扮演着重要角色,如活动星系核相对论性喷流的产生机制、伽玛射线暴等。寻找黑洞磁层的解析解对于理解这些重要天体的物理过程具有重要的意义。主要对黑洞磁层理论及其解析解的研究进行回顾。首先,详细地介绍了黑洞电动力学与黑洞无力磁层理论的主要内容,并讨论了从旋转黑洞提取能量的BZ机制。然后,回顾了过去几十年天文学家们寻找黑洞无力磁层解析解的发展历程与主要成果,并详细地介绍了无穷远处渐进解的求解思想与过程,给出这些研究对于寻找解析解的启发,分析了当前求解Grad-Shafranov方程(简称GS方程)所面临的主要问题与挑战。最后,讨论了黑洞磁层解析解研究的工作方向。

Black hole steady state force-free magnetosphere theories play an important role in the high energy astrophysics study, such as the emission mechanism of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray bursts and ultra-luminous X-ray binaries etc. In order to know the steady state force-free magnetospheres property, One needs to find the solution to the Grad-Shafranov equation(GS). Therefore, finding the analytic solutions of black hole steady state force-free magnetospheres is important for understanding these astrophysical phenomena. In this paper, we give a detailed review on this topic including the histories, recent progresses and future prospects. We first present the black hole electrodynamics and black hole force-free magnetosphere. We introduce the electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black hole: BlandfordZnajek mechanism. We also introduce the black hole force-free magnetosphere in the aspect of application to active galactic nuclei relativistic jets and accretion disk. Next, we outline progress in solving the black hole steady state force-free magnetosphere equations in the past decades, including the solutions of Schwarzschild black hole, the perturbation solutions of low speed rotating black hole, and the asymptotic solutions, with an emphasis on the asymptotic solutions. These solutions are important to study the black hole magnetosphere. We discuss the inspiration of these work on searching analytic solution. The main problem and challenges in solving the GS equation are also introduced. Finally we discuss the future of solving the GS equation.