30米环形干涉望远镜（Ring Interferometric Telescope）是中国科学院云南天文台提出的一个全新概念的30米极大望远镜（Extremely Large Telescope）计划。RIT跟所有孔径大于8米的大望远镜一样需要采用拼接镜面主动光学（主动控制）技术，但是由于其主镜形式显著不同于国际上流行的ELT方案，因此RIT主镜的主动控制具有自身特点。本文研究了拼接镜面的主动控制技术，在此基础上提出了可能适合于环形望远镜的主动控制方式，并将此与典型的全孔径望远镜控制进行了比较。 本文在引言部分回顾了主动控制技术产生和发展的背景，介绍了目前采用主动控制技术的大望远镜和正在筹划的30米以上口径的极大望远镜，它们的主镜形式和主动控制方式。第一章在干涉成像原理，环形孔径成像特性的基础上介绍30米RIT的概念和光学设计进展。第二章介绍了主动光学控制的基本思想，拼接镜面主动控制的方法，全孔径拼接望远镜主动控制方式和模型表示和模式分析方法。第三章介绍了拼接镜面主动控制所需的执行元件和各种探测器、探测方式。第四章和第五章分析了RIT采用梯形子镜所面临的问题，用模式分析的方法对各种可能采用的主动控制方式的误差传播和模式特点进行了讨论，并且用数值模拟的方法对各种主动控制方式最终的成像效果进行了静态模拟，对主动控制的工程实现做了初步的考虑。第六章讨论了RIT采用箭头形子镜的主动控制和使用问题。第七章总结了全文并对今后工作进行展望。
其他摘要
30m RIT (Ring Interferometric Telescope) is a new concept extremely large telescope proposed by Yunnan Astronomical Observatory. Active optics (control) technology of segmented mirror should be used on RIT’s primary mirror. Due to its remarkable difference from the conventional full aperture telescopes, the corresponding active control of primary mirror has its own characteristics. In this paper, the questions encountered by RIT’s active control were discussed, several possible implementations suitable for RIT were brought forward with modal analysis and digital simulation. In the introduction, the history and background of active control were retrospected, and some segmented mirror telescopes with diameter of 10m and 30m were introduced. The concept of 30m RIT and its optical design were presented based on introductions of interferometric imaging and optical characteristics of ring aperture in chapter 1. The main contents of active optics control were introduced in chapter 2, the modal presentations and analysis of active control for full aperture segmented mirror telescope were detailed described in this chapter. Actuators and sensors used in the control loop of common segmented mirror telescopes were showed in chapter 3. The questions met by RIT with common geometrical segments were discussed in chapter 4, and some possible implementations suitable for RIT were given subsequently with modal analysis. Digital simulations of implementations mentioned in chapter 4 and some actual considerations were given in chapter 5. The active control of RIT segmented with a kind of special segment called arrowhead segment and its feasibility were discussed in chapter 6. In the last chapter, the summarization of this paper and some work in prospect were discussed.
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