SN 2014C: A Metamorphic Supernova Exploded in the Intricate and Hydrogen-rich Surroundings

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c76

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	SN 2014C: A Metamorphic Supernova Exploded in the Intricate and Hydrogen-rich Surroundings
	Zhai Q(翟倩)1,2 ; Zhang JJ(张居甲)1,2,3 ; Lin, Weili 4,5; Mazzali, Paolo 6,7; Pian, Elena 6,8; Benetti, Stefano 9; Tomasella, Lina 9; Liu, Jialian 5; Li LP(李丽萍)1,2,3
发表期刊	ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
	2025-01-10
卷号	978 期号:2
DOI	10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c76
产权排序	第1完成单位
收录类别	SCI
摘要	We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) SN 2014C, primarily emphasizing the initial month after the explosion at approximately daily intervals. During this time, it was classified as a Type Ib SN exhibiting a notably higher peak luminosity (L-peak approximate to 4.3 x 10(42) erg s(-1)), a faster rise to brightness (trise approximate to 11.6 days), and a more gradual dimming ( Delta m(15)(V) approximate to 0.48 mag) compared to typical Type Ib SNe. Analysis of the velocity evolution over the first similar to 20 days after the explosion supports the view that the absorption near 6200 angstrom is due to high-velocity H alpha in the outer layers of the ejecta, indicating the presence of a small amount of hydrogen in the envelope of the progenitor before the explosion. Assuming that the peak luminosity is entirely attributed to radioactive decay, we estimate that 0.14 M-circle dot of Ni-56 was synthesized in the explosion. However, this amount of nickel could no longer maintain observed brightness approximately 10 days after peak luminosity, suggesting additional energy sources beyond radioactive decay. This supplementary energy likely originates from interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM). Consequently, the timing of the SN-CSM interaction in SN 2014C may occur much earlier than the emergence of Type IIn-like features during the nebular phase.
资助项目	National Key R&D Program of China[2021YFA1600404]; National Natural Science Foundation of China[12173082]; National Natural Science Foundation of China[12333008]; China Manned Space Project[CMS-CSST-2021-A12]; Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects[202401BC070007]; Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects[202201AT070069]; Top-notch Young Talents Program of Yunnan Province; Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory[202302AN360001]; INAF
项目资助者	National Key R&D Program of China[2021YFA1600404] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[12173082, 12333008] ; China Manned Space Project[CMS-CSST-2021-A12] ; Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects[202401BC070007, 202201AT070069] ; Top-notch Young Talents Program of Yunnan Province ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory[202302AN360001] ; INAF
语种	英语
学科领域	天文学 ; 恒星与银河系
文章类型	Article
出版者	IOP Publishing Ltd
出版地	TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
ISSN	0004-637X
URL	查看原文
WOS记录号	WOS:001395675800001
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS类目	Astronomy & Astrophysics
关键词[WOS]	CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA ; MASS-LOSS HISTORY ; STRIPPED-ENVELOPE ; LIGHT CURVES ; IB SUPERNOVA ; CIRCUMSTELLAR-MATERIAL ; IIB SUPERNOVA ; X-RAY ; INTERACTING SUPERNOVAE ; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
版本	出版稿
条目标识符	http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/27999
专题	南方基地中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室
作者单位	1.Yunnan Observatories (YNAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, 650216, People's Republic of China; [email protected]; 2.Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, CAS, Kunming, 650216, People's Republic of China; 3.International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; 4.Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China; 5.Physics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; 6.Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; 7.Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; 8.INAF, Astrophysics and Space Science Observatory, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; 9.INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
第一作者单位	中国科学院云南天文台
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhai Q,Zhang JJ,Lin, Weili,et al. SN 2014C: A Metamorphic Supernova Exploded in the Intricate and Hydrogen-rich Surroundings[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2025,978(2).
APA	翟倩.,张居甲.,Lin, Weili.,Mazzali, Paolo.,Pian, Elena.,...&李丽萍.(2025).SN 2014C: A Metamorphic Supernova Exploded in the Intricate and Hydrogen-rich Surroundings.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,978(2).
MLA	翟倩,et al."SN 2014C: A Metamorphic Supernova Exploded in the Intricate and Hydrogen-rich Surroundings".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 978.2(2025).

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