In order to carry out multi-target spectral observation with the 2.4-meter telescope of Lijiang Observatory, Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is necessary to carry out high-precision measurement and positioning of perforated plates or masks. In astronomical spectrum observation, the accurate measurement of optical fiber perforated plate is an important condition to ensure the smooth progress of observation. However, the current detection equipment for measurement and positioning is not only costly, but also mostly uses coaxial measurement method, which is cumbersome and complicated. This paper intends to use the measurement and positioning technology based on camera calibration to calculate the actual size parameters of the object by using the camera to take the image of the object to be measured, and then measure and position the object in any plane in 3D space, so as to meet the measurement and positioning requirements of our 2.4-meter telescope.This paper firstly introduces the camera imaging model and the camera calibration principle. It obtains the homography matrix of the transformation of pixel coordinate system and world coordinate system through the transformation relationship of four critical coordinate systems in the camera imaging model. Then, based on the principle of camera calibration, a space plane measurement and positioning method based on the pinhole model is proposed. The experimental verification and analysis of this method’s measurement and positioning accuracy are carried out through image visualization. Finally, taking laser processing as the actual verification scene, a paraxial experimental system was built, and the feasibility of the entire paraxial measurement scheme was further verified by laser, which laid the foundation for the final practical application of this scheme.This paper demonstrates its accuracy and usability through the experimental verification and results from the analysis of the proposed method. The experimental results show that this method can meet the measurement and positioning requirements of our 2.4-meter telescope. Based on the theoretical method proposed in this paper, it can be further extended to more application scenarios of any spatial plane combined with practical application requirements. The proposal of this method provides an image-based paraxial measurement idea for the field of measurement and positioning.
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