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活动星系核中的盘冕结构研究
其他题名Research on the Disk Corona Construction in Active Galactic Nuclei
钟晓谷
学位类型博士
导师王建成
2022-07-01
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点北京
培养单位中国科学院云南天文台
学位专业天体物理
关键词活动星系核 吸积盘 反响映射 软X射线超
摘要盘与冕之间的结构是活动星系核研究的热点之一。但冕的结构细节及与吸积盘的耦合形式一直未能得到有效的解决。活动星系核吸积盘产生的光学/紫外与冕产生的X射线之间的反响映射研究表明(后面简称为吸积盘的反响映射过程),吸积盘上的光学/紫外辐射相对于X射线有明显的相关性和时间延迟。以上观点说明冕与盘具有一定相对位置关系。为了突出盘冕位置以及计算的方便,通常认为盘冕之间存在lamp-post结构,即冕位于黑洞自转轴上方,不考虑冕的形状,因此认为冕是位于黑洞自转轴上的一个点源。吸积盘位于冕的垂直下方的黑洞赤道面上。由于盘冕靠近黑洞的时空会受到超大质量黑洞强大的引力作用,因此在研究黑洞附近的盘冕模型必须考虑相对论效应。 (1)本论文研究了黑洞附近盘冕的耦合。我们以lamp-post结构为基础,利用光线跟踪方法计算光子从冕发射出来,经测地线照射在吸积盘上。一部分光子被吸积盘吸收,从而使得吸积盘升温,改变了吸积盘的温度结构。然后吸积盘再辐射出黑体谱,该黑体谱最终被遥远的观测者接收到。同时从冕射出的光子也可以直接到达观测者,这样从冕射出的光子和被照耀的吸积盘所发射出的黑体谱光子之间就存在时间延迟,这部分光子所描述的就是吸积盘的反响映射过程。另外一部分光子则从吸积盘反射出去,形成反射谱。根据原子物理理论,光子会被吸积盘物质吸收,使得能谱存在吸收特征,如果反射远离黑洞,吸收特征会比较明显;如果靠近黑洞,由于其强大的引力作用,会抹平吸收特征,特别是在$0.2-3keV$能段形成软X射线超。 (2)本论文详细研究了软X射线超的形成机制。目前有一些模型可以解释软X射线超的辐射,但不同的模型之间的区别在于盘冕结构的选取不同,通过分析软X射线超可以了解活动星系核内部的盘冕结构。我们分析了ESO 362-G18于2016年9月24日XMM-Newton和NusTar的同时数据。我们采用热冕模型、相对论反射模型以及它们的组合模型来拟合观测数据,试图寻找软X射线超的辐射机制,并对盘冕结构进行深入的研究。经过对时间平均能谱和时变谱的拟合分析,我们发现双热冕模型可以很好地解释时间平均能谱和时变谱,但该模型会导致冕区的光子谱指数过硬。可是在磁场主导的环境下,一阶费米加速为产生硬连续谱提供了理论支持。如果双热冕模型是正确的,则不可能产生因相对论反射而致宽的铁线辐射。而之前的研究中发现该源存在宽铁线辐射,这与我们的结果相矛盾。也有一些研究工作指出用窄线拟合宽铁线的辐射,因此ESO 362-G18也许存在伪宽铁线的情况。通过光变分析,我们发现X射线辐射区小于50倍的史瓦西半径,并且第二个热冕成分主导低、中频的辐射,冕和远处物质的反射主导了高频辐射,通过微引力透镜可以知道冕具有很小尺度,我们的工作符合这个结论。我们的研究认为远处导致反射的物质由一些云团组成,而这些云团的大小处于高频的范围,因此远处物质的反射主导了高频的辐射。
其他摘要The coupling of disk-corona structure is one of research hotspot in Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and unclear so far. The studies of AGN disk reverberation indicate that the correlation and lag present between optical/ultraviolet(UV) and X-ray emission. Based on mentioned above, the corona is at a relative distance from accretion disk. In order to study the relative position of disk-corona conveniently, we consider the disk-corona as the lamp-post construction which assumes the corona as a point on the axis of the black hole spin. Accretion disk is located on the equatorial plane of black hole beneath the corona vertically. Strong gravity will be dominant near black hole. Therefore, the relativistic effect should be considered in disk-corona construction. (1) In the thesis, we study the interaction between disk and corona near black hole. We calculate the process of photons from corona to disk along with null geodesic by using the ray tracing method with lamp-post construction. Part of photons are absorbed by the accretion disk to heat the accretion disk and change the temperature structure. Then, accretion disk radiates the black-body spectra received by distant observer. Meanwhile, the distant observer will receive these photons emitted from corona directly as well. Therefore, the time lags will exist between photons of corona and disk. It's so called as the accretion disk reverberation. Another part of photons are reflected by disk to form the reflection spectra. Based on atomic physics, photons will be absorbed by matter of accretion disk and the spectrum has absorption features. If the reflection process is far away from black hole, the absorption features will be prominent. However, the absorption features will be smeared by strong gravity near black hole to generate the soft X-ray excess in 0.2-3 keV energy range. (2) In the thesis, we study the origin of the soft X-ray excess. Currently, there are some models to explain the soft X-ray excess origin. The main difference between these models is dependent on the disk-corona construction. Therefore, the study of soft X-ray excess will help us to understand the disk-corona construction in AGNs. We use the simultaneous X-ray observation data of XMM-Newton and Nustar on Sep. 24th, 2016 to perform the spectral analysis for ESO 362-G18. We adopt five models including the warm, optically thick corona and relativistically blurred high-density reflection models, or their combination to explore the origin of the soft X-ray excess. Through the spectral analysis, we find the double warm corona model can interpret the time-average spectrum and variability spectrum (RMS and covariance spectrum) well, however, this model will lead to a harder X-ray continuum radiated from corona. When the magnetic field dominants the physical process, it will accelerate the electrons by the first order Fermi acceleration produced by magnetic reconnection. If the double warm corona is true, the broad Fe K$\alpha$ line should not exist because the relativistic reflection component is excluded through the spectral analysis, which means that the narrow emission is sufficient to model the broad Fe K$\alpha$ line. The X-ray radiation region could be less than 50 times of schwarzschild radius. The second warm corona component is the main dominant mechanism in the low and middle temporal frequencies. The radiation of corona and distant reflection is dominant at high temporal frequency or a compacter scale. The distant reflection could be made of some moderate scale neutral clumps which correspond the high temporal frequency.
学科领域天文学 ; 天体物理学 ; 高能天体物理学 ; 星系与宇宙学
学科门类理学 ; 理学::天文学
页数0
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/25790
专题综合办公室
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GB/T 7714
钟晓谷. 活动星系核中的盘冕结构研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2022.
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