随着中国的嫦娥探月工程不断取得重大突破，而今世界各国也相继开始积极的月球探测活动，在世界范围内掀起了一片探月热潮。月球历表作为探月活动中不可或缺的工具，目前美国、俄罗斯、法国等航天大国都建立起了自己的数值历表。为了摆脱工程上的受制于人，亟需国内的自制历表。本研究主要面向国内自制月球历表的需求，依托云南天文台首次实现月球激光测距的利好条件，利用国外已有的历表数据，以及国内外LLR数据对自制历表探索积累经验。为此，本文做了相应的研究工作。首先，充分利用国内外LLR的测量数据，基于IERS2010规范（International Earth Rotation Service Convention 2010），研究了云南天文台月球激光测距观测数据处理方法。处理了ILRS（International Lunar Ranging Service）提供的所有LLR观测数据，并进行了O-C（Observation-Calculation）处理。结果表明：建立的观测模型预报值与国际上最新观测数据的残差在厘米级，证明了本文新建观测模型是可靠的；云南天文台观测数据的处理结果在分米级，主要是因为早期试验采用激光器脉宽较宽导致的精度偏低，也验证了观测数据的有效性。应用该观测模型按CPF（Consolidated Prediction Format）格式生成了月面角反射器预报文件，为云南天文台开展月球激光测距试验提供技术支撑。利用本文的观测模型比较分析了INPOP19a(Intégrateur Numérique Planétaire de l'Observatoire de Paris)，DE430(Developed Ephemeris 430)，EPM2017（Ephemeris of Planets and the Moon）作为观测模型的输入时检核LLR标准点数据，结果显示出法国的历表INPOP19a模型与实测数据更为接近。此外，本文利用最新的INPOP19a历表的数据，完成了对历表提取的欧拉角到月球物理天平动的转换，得到的物理天平动数值分别与该系列历表INPOP17a以及DE430历表对比，发现不同历表的物理天平动之差存在着稳定周期。对比历表欧拉角的差别，计算出地心到月面反射器A15的距离最大有30厘米的差别，此结果对月球激光测距的预报精度有一定的影响，在后续高精度月球激光测距试验中需要注意。INPOP19a最为稳定，故在月球物理天平动研究中推荐使用INPOP19a。
其他摘要
The Yunnan Observatories has realized the lunar laser ranging for the first time in China. An important application of the lunar laser ranging is to provide data support for the compilation of the lunar Ephemeris. The lunar ephemeris is an indispensable tool in lunar exploration activities. At present, the United States, Russia, France and other aerospace powers have established their own numerical ephemeris.In order to get rid of the control of others in engineering, domestic self-made calendars are urgently needed. This research is mainly oriented to the demand of domestic self-made lunar ephemeris. Some basic research was carried out to lay the foundation for the domestic self-made lunar Ephemeris.Yunnan Observatories has obtained some lunar laser ranging data, which needs to be analyzed and studied. According to the IERS2010(International Earth Rotation Service Convention 2010), and fully considers various error sources that affect LLR, such as the earth-moon orbit, the lunar libration, the earth's solid tide, ocean tide, etc.a lunar laser ranging observation data processing system of Yunnan Observatories is established. Using this system, all the LLR observation data provided by ILRS (International lunar ranging service) are processed and compared with O-C (Observation-Calculation). The results show that the residual error between the predicted values of the established observation model and the latest international observation data is in centimeter level, which proves the robustness of the observation model; At the same time, the processing results of domestic observation data show that the two-way residual is in meter level, which verifies the effectiveness of domestic observation data. It also shows that the laser lunar system of Yunnan Observatories has reached the international early level.This paper uses the model to generate the lunar corner reflector forecast CPF file, which is of major significance for the independence of Chinese independent LLR activities. At the same time, compared with INPOP19a, DE430, EPM2017 as the input of the observation model when processing LLR normal point data, the results show that the French ephemeris INPOP19a simulation results are closer to the measured data.Lunar libration is an important factor in the lunar ephemeris. This paper researches the law of physical libration in the current foreign ephemeris. the conversion of Euler angle extracted from the ephemeris to the lunar physical librations was completed. The numerical model of the physical librations is compared with the ephemeris INPOP17a and DE430. It is found that the difference in physical librations of different Ephemeris has a stable period. It is calculated that there is a maximum difference of 30 cm between the center of the earth and the lunar reflector A15. This result has a greater impact on the prediction accuracy of the lunar laser ranging. It provides theoretical support for the high-precision lunar laser ranging. INPOP19a is recommended in the research.
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