射电天文研究组知识库

云南天文台将在云南省普洱市景东县（东经101.0°北纬24.5°）建设120 m口径全可动脉冲星专用射电望远镜（Jingdong Radio Telescope, JRT）,工作频率覆盖0.1–10 GHz （3 m–3 cm）, JRT建成后将成为世界上最大的单口径全可动中低频射电望远镜.本文主要介绍JRT的科学目标和关键技术,其中科学目标包括:（1）以对全天90%以上最稳定毫秒脉冲星实施长期、高时间密度、高精度的计时观测为手段,开展脉冲星时间基准体系建设和纳赫兹低频引力波探测研究;（2）在脉冲星物理、快速射电暴、引力检验、黑洞及周围物理、VLBI天体测量等领域开展科学研究;（3） JRT还将服务于脉冲星导航、深空探测、空间目标监测等领域的国家战略需求. JRT研制关键技术包括:大口径天线结构设计技术、超宽带馈源技术、低温制冷接收机技术和多功能数字后端等. JRT的建设将促进我国在大型机械设计和制造、自动控制、低温电子和系统集成等工程技术领域的发展,建成后将有助于中国在射电天文领域获得重大科学产出. 

The steerable Jingdong 120-m pulsar radio telescope (JRT) will be built in Jingdong county of Yunnan Province, China. It will become the world’s largest fully steerable radio telescope with observation frequencies covering 0. 1–10 GHz (3 m– 3 cm). This paper mainly introduces JRT’s scientific goals and key technologies. JRT’s scientific goals include (1) performing long-term, high-time-density, and high-precision timing observations for more than 90% of millisecond pulsars in the sky to research the construction of a pulsar-based time scale and the detection of nanohertz low-frequency gravitational waves; and (2) contributing observational studies in the fields of pulsar physics, fast radio bursts, gravitational testing, black hole, and VLBI astrometry; (3) serving the national strategic needs in the fields of pulsar navigation, deep space exploration, and space target monitoring. JRT developed key technologies such as large-scale antenna structure design, ultra-wideband feed, low-noise receiver, and multi-functional digital backend. The design and development of each subsystem of JRT will be completed along with relevant domestic research forces. JRT construction will promote China’s development in engineering and technical fields, such as large-scale machinery design and processing, automatic control, low-temperature electronics, and system integration. The completion of JRT will progress China’s radio astronomy and improve its international influence.