选址与日冕观测组知识库

大气会使望远镜成像质量下降,若要降低大气对望远镜的影响,就需要为望远镜选择优质的台址、安装自适应光学系统。由于受到太阳辐射的影响,日间大气湍流往往比夜间更为剧烈。现如今国内外已有多台太阳望远镜搭建了自适应光学系统。传统的自适应光学系统有观测视场小等缺点,新型宽视场自适应光学系统可以解决这些问题,但对大气湍流廓线的精确探测是其前提与关键;同时,以湍流为成像理论的天文高分辨率技术也需要对湍流进行较为细致的探测。因此,日间大气湍流廓线探测技术对天文观测有重要的价值。首先介绍了大气湍流相关参数;之后,重点介绍了声雷达、SHABAR、MOSP、SDIMM+、A-MASP等日间大气湍流廓线探测技术,总结了各种测量技术的原理和优缺点。 

Atmospheric turbulence is the primary source that affects the quality of groundbased telescope image. In order to reduce the influence of atmosphere, it is necessary to choose a good site and install adaptive optics for the telescope. Due to the influence of solar radiation, atmospheric turbulence is often more intense than at night. At present, many solar telescopes have built adaptive optics systems at home and abroad. Conventional adaptive optics can only improve the image quality in a small field of view, and cannot meet the needs of large field of view. Novel wide field adaptive optical system can achieve the large full of view and high-resolution images, but accurate detection of atmospheric turbulence profile is the prerequisite and key. At the same time, the astronomical high resolution technology based on turbulence imaging theory also needs more detailed detection of turbulence. Therefore, a brief review about the latest detection technology of the stratified atmospheric turbulence for daytime. Primarily, the parameters of atmospheric turbulence are introduced. Then, SNODAR, SHABAR, MOSP, DIMM+, A-MASP and other detection technology of the stratified atmospheric turbulence for daytime are mainly introduced, meanwhile advantages and disadvantages of the different technologies are summarized.