| 其他摘要 | There are a large number of NEOs (Near-Earth Objects), especially NEAs (Near-Earth Asteroids), which pose a great potential threat to the human society. In recent years, the achievements of international sky survey have greatly increased the number of near-Earth asteroids discovered. The size and mass of NEOs are generally small, which makes their orbits unstable. Therefore, long-term astronomical observation is needed to continuously modify and maintain their orbits, so as to improve the accuracy of collision prediction. The observation of NEOs requires long-term observation, so this type of observation is difficult to be carried out for a long time on large and medium-sized telescopes, while small and medium-sized telescopes have advantages in the investment of observation time and are suitable for the observation of NEOs. In order to realize this observation target, a large number of observations are needed for a long time, so the observation intensity is quite large, and automatic observation becomes a necessary choice. The main objective of this paper is to carry out the research of automatic observation method in small aperture telescope, according to the observation characteristics of NEOs. And the main work performance in the following aspects: Based on MPC network data, the observation target information is obtained and the observation outline is automatically generatedThe MPC (The Minor Planet Center) website can provide the parameters of the near-Earth asteroid calendar table that can be observed every night. By analyzing the data on the MPC page, we wrote a program to simulate the manual form submission process, and then obtained the contents of the page of the observed target data returned from the MPC website for data matching and filtering, Then according to the requirement of telescope control software ACP (Astronomer’s Control Panel) for outline instructions and target position parameter format, the outline file is generated. The generated automatic outline includes observation control instructions, observation target time and position information, and data acquisition related parameters (camera temperature, exposure time, etc.). After the actual test, the rundown generator successfully linked to the NEO form page on the MPC website, and the target information in the rundown output was exactly the same as the target information on the page. Establish an automatic exposure time estimation model for NEOs, provides an exposure time parameter for the automatic schema Because it is the exposure observation of moving objects, there must be the phenomenon of star image elongation. Based on the obtained luminance and velocity information of the target, the exposure time estimation model is established on the premise of specifying the signal-to-noise ratio of the star image, and an estimated exposure time is calculated for each target in the outline. Based on the basic principle of calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the target image on the CCD target surface, the estimation model mainly considers the influence of CCD camera noise, skylight background noise and the incident noise of the target itself. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured target star image and that of the theoretical calculation are within 10% by using the exposure time obtained by the estimation model. Finally, the estimation model and error are analyzed. Build an automatic observation and experiment platform, verify the feasibility of automatic outline The purpose of building the automatic observation platform is to verify the feasibility of the automatic outline. Feasibility means that in any small telescope system that supports the ASCOM (Astronomy Common Object Model) platform, the automatic observation outline is operational and can accurately point to the observation target to obtain the observation image. The establishment of the experimental platform includes: hardware installation, debugging and calibration, software operation environment configuration, and automatic observation outline. We observed the No.221 asteroid, Jupiter and its moons, and Saturn and their moons on August 5 and 6, 2020, from the Applied Laboratory Platform. In this experiment, the sky light background is relatively bright, and the measured results and theoretical values are compared, with the error within 15%. Establish a NEO observation system for the Daocheng 50cm telescope Based on the above work, the good observation conditions of Wumingshan station in Daocheng were used to carry out the automatic observation of NEO. The Daocheng 50cm telescope is planned to be used to establish an automatic observation system for NEOs, and remote desktop software will be used to realize remote unmanned observation. After analyzing the situation of Daocheng station, the establishment scheme of observation system was formulated: Function fusion of Daocheng observation system was carried out based on ASCOM platform. The actual main job was to integrate the dome into the ASCOM platform. For this reason, we put forward the realization scheme of the dome control system and integrated development of the dome -- dome driver development based on ASCOM platform and lower computer development based on PLC controller (Programable Logical Controller). On March 22, 2020, we carried out operational tests on Daocheng Observation system, and successfully obtained the target "P10XKVP" in the automatic outline through remote desktop, with an error of 10%, which was basically consistent with the error of the 1M telescope. |
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