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光学自由曲面面形模拟和光束整形
其他题名The simulation and beam shaping of laser rays by freeform optics
刘冬明
学位类型工程硕士
导师李语强 ; 赵劲松
2019-07-01
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点北京
学位专业光学工程
关键词光束整形 自由曲面 激光测距
摘要云南天文台 1.2 米望远镜激光测距系统的望远镜结构为地平式望远镜,全口径发射 高斯光束时主副镜的位置遮挡和反射作用使光束的中心能量不能发射。根据高 斯光束中心能量高的特点,本文立足于自由曲面光学器件将发射高斯光束整型 为大口径环形光束,提高出发射光束的能量,增大光子回波探测强度。 自由曲面光束整形是一种区别于传统光束整形的新型光束整形方式,拥有 极高的设计自由度和灵活的空间分布,自由曲面整形系统进行光束整形不仅简 化了光学系统的结构,还能够有效控制光束,实现任意的光束形状。 本文的研究重点在自由曲面设计的核心问题——自由曲面面型设计方法上, 目的是为了建立高效精准的自由曲面面型设计理论,为 1.2 米望远镜激光测距系统设计 一套准确的光学设计方案,将发射光束整形为环形光束。针对现有的传统光学系 统光束整形方法的不足,论文提出了一套准确的自由曲面光束整形系统的设计 系统,建立自由曲面面型的模型。 首先,本文在研究传统光学的基础上,根据几何光学的特性,提出利用锥透 镜来实现空心光束的产生和给定尺寸的特定形状的空心光束。但是,由锥透镜实 现的光束整形的光斑尺寸不能改变,在现有系统镜面已经固定的情况下限制了 激光出射能量,无法做到能量的最高利用率。 为了实现激光出射能量的最大利用率,论文接着基于最优化的思想,通过追 踪光迹来实现自由曲面面型的重构和建模。该方法包含两个步骤,第一步是建立 入射面和目标面的能量守恒关系,通过预先要求的光线在目标面上的实际范围 和实际入射光线光斑尺寸的对应关系,得到自由曲面面型的坐标函数。第二步是 基于非序列光线追迹的方法,经自由曲面光学器件整形后的空心光束的总能量 更进一步优化自由曲面整形系统的性能。在获得连续的自由曲面面型后,通过模 拟的数据分析验证了自由曲面光学系统的有效性。采用自由曲面整形的激光光 束质量好于以往的激光光束整形系统,且自由曲面光学系统有极高的设计自由 度和适用性,为复杂的激光光束整形提供了有效的光学解决方案。
其他摘要The telescope structure of the 1.2-meter laser ranging system of the Yunnan Observatory is a ground-level telescope. When the Gaussian beam is emitted at full aperture, the position and occlusion of the mainmirror and submirror prevents the center energy of the beam from being emitted. According to the high energy of the Gaussian beam center, this paper is based on the free-form surface optics to shaping the Gaussian beam into a large-caliber ring beam, which increases the energy of the emitted beam and increases the photon echo detection intensity. Free-form surface beam shaping is a new beam shaping method that is different from traditional beam shaping. It has high design freedom and flexible spatial distribution. The beam shaping of free-form surface shaping system not only simplifies the structure of the optical system, but also effectively controls it. Beam, to achieve any beam shape. The focus of this paper is on the core problem of free-form surface design - the free-form surface design method, in order to establish an efficient and accurate freeform surface design theory, and design an accurate optical design for the 1.2-meter laser ranging system. The transmitted beam is shaped into a ring beam. Aiming at the shortcomings of existing traditional optical system beam shaping methods, this paper proposes an accurate design system for free-form surface beam shaping system and establishes a free-form surface model. Firstly, based on the study of traditional optics, based on the characteristics of geometric optics, a cone lens is used to realize the generation of a hole beam and a hole-shaped beam of a specific shape of a given size. However, the spot size of the beam shaping by the cone lens cannot be changed, and the laser emission energy is limited in the case where the existing system is already fixed, and the highest utilization of energy cannot be achieved. In order to achieve the maximum utilization of laser energy, the paper then reconstructs and models the freeform surface shape by tracking the light trace based on the optimization idea. The method comprises two steps. The first step is to establish an energy conservation relationship between the incident surface and the target surface, and obtain a free curved surface shape by the correspondence between the actual range of the required light on the target surface and the actual incident light spot size. Coordinate function. The second step is based on the nonsequential ray tracing method, and the evaluation function is constructed by the total energy of the ring beam shaped by the freeform surface optics, and the performance of the freeform surface shaping system is further optimized. After obtaining a continuous freeform surface shape, the effectiveness of the freeform optical system was verified by simulation data analysis. The laser beam quality with freeform shaping is better than the previous laser beam shaping system, and the freeform optical system has high design freedom and applicability, providing an effective optical solution for complex laser beam shaping.
学科领域机械工程 ; 仪器仪表技术 ; 光学技术与仪器
学科门类工学 ; 工学::光学工程 ; 工学::仪器科学与技术
页数40
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/25460
专题应用天文研究组
作者单位中国科学院云南天文台
第一作者单位中国科学院云南天文台
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
刘冬明. 光学自由曲面面形模拟和光束整形[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019.
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