射电天文研究组知识库

雷达天文学开始于20世纪40年代，不同于天文望远镜接收天体发射的信号的被动观测手段，雷达探测是一种主动观测天体的手段。太阳雷达是利用雷达发射器主动向太阳发射特定波段的电磁波，并接收反射回波，通过研究回波的性质，了解日冕磁场结构、日冕物质抛射（CME）的运动状况等重要信息。本文回顾了利用地基太阳雷达对日冕进行观测研究历史，对地基太阳雷达近些年被边缘化的原因进行了分析，最后还对中国太阳雷达的发展进行展望，地基太阳雷达可以为日冕磁场测量和对地CME的观测及预警预报提供一个全新的探测手段。

Radar astronomy, which began in the 1940s, is different from the passive observation means of astronomical telescopes receiving signals from celestial bodies. Radar is a means of active observation of celestial bodies. Solar radar emits electromagnetic waves of a specific band to the sun and receives the reflected echoes. By studying the properties of the echoes, we can understand the magnetic field structure in the corona, the movement of coronal mass ejection (CME) and other important information. In this paper, the history of using ground-based solar radar to observe the corona is reviewed. The reason why ground-based solar radar has been marginalized in recent years is analyzed. Finally, the development of solar radar is prospected. Ground-based solar radar can provide a new detection method for the measurement of magnetic field and observation of the earth-directed CME.