抚仙湖太阳观测和研究基地知识库

太阳活动周的半球耦合现象早在20世纪中叶就被发现,是太阳长期时空演化中最常见的现象之一,但其观测特征和形成机制仍未彻底理清。由这一现象驱动的太阳发电机理论模型,有助于研究太阳活动周随着时间和空间演化的基本信息,也对太阳活动和空间天气的中短期预报有重要价值。首先回顾了太阳活动周半球耦合现象的发现和观测历史;接着综述了不同时空尺度磁活动半球耦合现象的基本观测统计结果,以及国内外对半球耦合理论的研究成果;最后讨论了这一重要领域尚未解决的重要问题和发展趋势。 

The hemispheric coupling phenomenon of solar activity cycle is a manifestation of the evolution of the solar magnetic field, discovered as early as the middle of the 20th century. From a statistical perspective, research on solar activity indicators (sunspot numbers, sunspot areas, flare index, filament and prominence, etc.) reveals that the magnetic activity in the southern and northern hemispheres shows amplitude asymmetry and phase in each solar cycle are out of sync. Up to now, the research process in this field can be summarized in three phases: (1) the guessing and confirmation phase from the early 1950s to the mid-1990s; (2) the statistical analysis phase from 1995 to 2010 looking for evolutionary laws; (3) beginning from 2011 approximately, the mechanism exploration phase using a combination of statistical analysis of observation data and numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamics theory. The theoretical model of solar dynamo driven by this phenomenon helps to obtain basic information about the evolution of solar cycle, and also has an important value for shortand medium-term forecasting of solar activity and space weather. Here, a brief review of the historical development of magnetic solar cycle is given at first. And then the discovery and observation history of the hemispheric coupling phenomenon in the solar activity cycle are reviewed. Furthermore, the basic observation statistics of the hemispherical coupling phenomenon of solar activity at different time and space scales, as well as the research results of the hemispheric coupling theory are reviewed. Finally, we give a discussion of the future research about the hemisphere coupling of the solar activity cycle.