中国科学院云南天文台机构知识库

帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe, PSP)是以现代太阳风和磁重联理论的奠基人——尤金·纽曼·帕克(Eugene Newman Parker)命名的航天器,将穿过太阳的日冕层,探测人类从未探测过的区域,对日冕和太阳风的起源和动力学特征进行直接探测,有望破解日冕高温和太阳风加速度奇高这两大谜团,其热防护系统遇到的困难和挑战远超目前所有航天器。首先介绍了探测太阳的意义和帕克太阳探测器的科学目标,然后简述了帕克太阳探测器轨道和轨道热环境并指出热防护的难点。分析了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统的结构,然后详细阐述了热防护系统的热盾及迎日涂层、太阳能电池板及冷却系统设计,最后总结了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统对我国抵近太阳探测器热防护系统设计的启示。

The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) , named after Eugene Newman Parker，the founder of the modern theory of solar wind and magnetic reconnection, will cross the sun's coronal layer to explore areas that the spacecraft has never detected. Parker Sun Detector directly probes the origin and dynamics of the corona and solar wind. It is expected to solve the mystery of high temperatures in the corona and the high speed of the solar wind. The Parker Solar Probe's thermal protection system has encountered far more difficulties and challenges than any spacecraft currently． This paper first introduces the significance of detecting the sun and the scientific goal of PSP, then briefly describes the thermal environment of PSP orbitals and points out the difficulties of thermal protection. The structure of PSP thermal protection system is analyzed, and then the design of thermal shield，surface coating, solar panel and cooling system of thermal protection system is described in detail. At last, the paper gives the enlightenment of PSP thermal protection system to the design of thermal protection system of near solar detector in China.