信息中心知识库

随着现代科学技术的进步,天文学研究已经进入到了数据密集型和数据驱动的时代。面对海量天文数据对资源收集与保存、资源汇交、挖掘应用、开放共享等方面的需求和挑战,国家天文科学数据中心正在借助最新科技成果努力使互联网时代数据驱动的科学研究过程变得更加便捷。文章介绍了天文学界在天文科学数据资源的管理、国际交换和开放共享方面的做法,概述了国家天文科学数据中心的总体发展思路,介绍了为应对数据密集型和数据驱动型天文学研究而发展起来的虚拟天文台技术和天文信息学学科方向。为加强天文科学数据资源的汇聚整合和管理分析,国家天文科学数据中心根据领域特点建立了天文科学数据资源体系,规范了天文数据资源的收集、保存和汇交;对天文数据进行挖掘,形成可发现、可访问、可复用的科学数据产品,并将其应用在不同用户群;以开放为常态的原则提供检索、在线分析挖掘、应用接口等规范化服务,遵照天文领域国际标准实现数据共享和互操作,提供在线、离线及混合模式的开放共享服务;构建针对领域特色的逻辑统一、物理分散的分布式资源平台,对软硬件资源合理布局;阐述了中心在国内外态势监测、国际合作交流和科学传播方面的做法。文章通过上述几个方面,将国家天文数据中心的发展思路与天文科学数据的全生命周期特点相结合,展望中心的广阔前景。

Following science and technology advances, astronomy research has entered a data-intensive and data-driven era. While it faces demands and challenges in the archiving, preservation, exchanging, data mining, and open access of massive astronomical data, the National Astronomical Data Center (NADC) is dedicated to improving the efficiency of scientific research based on astronomical big data by leveraging advanced information technologies. This paper summarizes the management, international exchange, and open-sharing practices of astronomy data resources in astronomy, and the overall development strategies of the NADC. We introduced Virtual Observatory technologies and astroinformatics as solutions for data-intensive and data-driven astronomical research. To strengthen the collection, management, and analysis of astronomical data resources, the NADC established a domain-specific system tailored to astronomy for the standardization of data collection, long-term data preservation, and exchange of data resources for astronomy. The NADC will conduct work in the following aspects: mining the astronomical data to form scientific data products that can be located and reused by different users; providing standardized services for data retrieval, online data mining and analysis, application interfaces under the open-sharing principle, and providing open-sharing interoperable services online, offline, and mixed modes in accordance with international standards; constructing a physically distributed, but logically unified resource platform for astronomy that appropriately distributes hardware and software resources. Furthermore, this paper presents the NADC's practices in situation monitoring, international cooperation, and science communication domestic and abroad, and discusses future trends and looks forward to the promising prospect of the availability of NADC as a powerful scientific platform combined with the characteristics of the whole life cycle of astronomical scientific data.