太阳物理研究组知识库

太阳物理学聚焦于距离我们最近,也是对我们最重要的恒星,处于天文学、行星科学、空间科学、等离子体物理学等学科的前沿交叉领域.很多基本科学问题的解决——宇宙天体磁场的起源、恒星磁活动周的演化规律和形成机制、恒星磁活动如何影响宜居环境和生命起源、如何预报太阳爆发活动以防止其对人类造成灾害性影响——都将得益于太阳物理学的突破性进展.近10年来,太阳物理学进入了多信使、全波段、全时域、高分辨、多尺度、多视角和高精度探测的时代,而最新发射的帕克太阳探针和即将发射的太阳轨道飞行器,将开启空间太阳探测的新纪元.我国首颗太阳探测卫星——先进天基太阳天文台将于2021年发射.在这重大变革的前夜,我们回顾和梳理了近10年来我国太阳物理学者在认知太阳磁场性质、低层大气精细结构和动力学,以及太阳爆发活动形成机理等方面的突出进步,并展望中国太阳物理学的发展和中国学者未来可能作出的贡献. 

Solar physics focuses on the star that is not only closest but most important to us. The study of solar physics is one of the most active interdisciplinary frontiers of astronomy, planetary and space science, plasma physics, etc. The eventual solution of many fundamental scientific problems would greatly benefit from breakthroughs in solar physics, e.g., problems such as the origin of magnetic field in astronomical objects, the formation and evolutionary mechanisms of the stellar magnetic cycle, the impact of stellar magnetic activities on the habitability of planets and the origin of life, and the forecast of solar eruptions to guard against adverse space weather effects. In the last ten years, solar physics has stepped into an era of multi-messenger, full electromagnetic spectrum, full time-domain, high-resolution, multi-scale, multi-view and high-precision detection. A new era is looming on the horizon with two revolutionary missions, namely, Parker Solar Probe, which was launched in 2018 and will probe the solar corona from as close as 6 million kilometers to the Sun's surface, and Solar Orbiter, which will be launched in 2020 to image the Sun's polar regions for the first time. In China, the first space mission dedicated to the Sun, the Advanced Space Based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), will be launched in 2021, targeting the next solar cycle. In addition, the Advanced Ground Based Solar Observatory (ASO-G) has been incorporated within the framework of national planning; under construction are two important instruments for solar physics, MUSER (Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph) and AIMS (Accurate Infrared Magnetic field measurements of the Sun).